EMOTIONAL DISORDERS (AFFECTIVE DISORDERS)

Emotions are called sensory reactions (affect) of a person to objects and phenomena of the surrounding world, they always reflect a subjective assessment, attitude to what is happening.

Lower emotions are caused by elementary (vital) stimuli (bad or good weather, satiety, fatigue, sexual satisfaction), reflect the degree of satisfaction of various instincts.

Emotions can be positive and negative, i.e. they can reflect satisfaction and dissatisfaction. Affective experiences always have external manifestations (posture, gestures, facial expressions, intonation of the voice), vegetative symptoms can be observed (tachycardia, fluctuations in blood pressure, sweating).

The effect is manifested in the form of an intense emotional short-term reaction to a stressful situation.

In physiological affect, the emotional response corresponds to the situation in strength and quality. A person in this state can direct their actions, correctly navigate the situation and their own personality, and remember what is happening in detail.

In pathological affect, the response does not match the strength of the root cause. Consciousness is affectively narrowed, a person is uncritical of their actions and the situation. The emergence of a pathological affect is facilitated by a long-term psychotraumatic situation, fatigue, and the presence of organic pathology on the part of the brain. In this state, patients can make suicidal attempts.

Hyperthymia (mania) is manifested in the form of an inadequately elevated mood background, which is accompanied by an increased desire for activity, overestimation of their capabilities, motor and speech arousal.

Ecstasy-hyperthymia with a predominance of delight, extreme admiration, a sense of insight, comprehension of the highest meaning, inaccessible to the understanding of people.

Euphoria is a state of unmotivated complacency combined with passivity. There is no desire for activity. It is noted for drug intoxication, syphilis, pulmonary tuberculosis.

Moria – a state of high spirits with a touch of childishness, foolishness. It is observed in organic pathology of the frontal lobes of the brain.

Dysphoria is an unmotivated state of angry-irritable affect (“don’t touch me”). It occurs in organic pathology of the brain, in epilepsy (“bad days of the epileptic”).

Ambivalence (duality) of emotions. Patients simultaneously have two opposite feelings, such as love and hate. It is typical for schizophrenia, for children and women of a hysterical nature.

Weak-heartedness – incontinence of affect. Typical reactions are in the form of emotion, laughter or crying on minor occasions (touching scenes seen on TV, read in books, memories).In physiological affect, the emotional response corresponds to the situation in strength and quality. A person in this state can direct their actions, correctly navigate the situation and their own personality, and remember what is happening in detail.

In pathological affect, the response does not match the strength of the root cause. Consciousness is affectively narrowed, a person is uncritical of their actions and the situation. The emergence of a pathological affect is facilitated by a long-term psychotraumatic situation, fatigue, and the presence of organic pathology on the part of the brain. In this state, patients can make suicidal attempts.

Hyperthymia (mania) is manifested in the form of an inadequately elevated mood background, which is accompanied by an increased desire for activity, overestimation of their capabilities, motor and speech arousal.

Ecstasy – hyperthymia with a predominance of delight, extreme admiration, a sense of insight, comprehension of the highest meaning, inaccessible to the understanding of people.

Euphoria is a state of unmotivated complacency combined with passivity. There is no desire for activity. It is noted for drug intoxication, syphilis, pulmonary tuberculosis.

Moria – a state of high spirits with a touch of childishness, foolishness. It is observed in organic pathology of the frontal lobes of the brain.

Dysphoria is an unmotivated state of angry-irritable affect (“don’t touch me”). It occurs in organic pathology of the brain, in epilepsy (“bad days of the epileptic”).

Ambivalence (duality) of emotions. Patients simultaneously have two opposite feelings, such as love and hate. It is typical for schizophrenia, for children and women of a hysterical nature.

Weak-heartedness – incontinence of affect. Typical reactions are in the form of emotion, laughter or crying on minor occasions (touching scenes seen on TV, read in books, memories).